The Growth of Chlorella vulgaris Cultured in Liquid Organic Fertilizer of Water Hyacint H (Eichhornia crassipes) at Different Salinities
Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of salinity on the growth of microalgae C. vulgaris cultured in 5% concentration of water hyacinth liquid organic fertilizer. The research used a completely randomized design with four salinity treatments at 30, 35, 40 and 45 ppt in triplicates. The volume of culture media was 150 mL that consisted of 142.5 ml of sterile sea water and 7.5 ml of water hyacinth organic fertilizer. The increase in microalgae cell density was observed every other day using haemocytometer under light microscope. The culture was harvested after they reached stationary phase at day 8. Culture age (p= 0,00<0.05) and salinity (p= 0,00<0.05) affected the growth, dry weight and biomass productivity of C. vulgaris. Cells density and yield in all salinities tested was significantly different (p= 0,00<0.05) at stationary phase of growth. Higher cell density, specific growth rate, yield, dry weight and biomass productivity were observed in 40 ppt salinity compared to other salinities. At 40 ppt, cell density was 85.33 x 104 cells. ml-1 as well as specific growth rate that was at 0.839 cells.day-1, with the highest average yield of C. vulgaris was observed on day 6 and day 8 (exponential to stationary phase) at 115, 3 x 104 cells.ml-1. Similarly, considerably higher dry weight at 40 ppt was observed at 0.038 g.L-1 with biomass productivity at 0.032 g.L-1.day-1 compared to other salinities tested However these results were not significantly different (p=0.7>0.05) from other salinities. This study suggested that 40 ppt can be used to culture C. vulgaris in 5 % concentration of water hyacinth organic medium to obtain better growth and higher biomass production.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abdurracham, O., Mutiara, M., Buchori, L. 2013.Pengikatan Karbon Dioksida dengan Mikroalga (Chorella vulgaris, Chlamydomonas sp., Spirulina sp.) Dalam Upaya Untuk Meningkatkan Kemurnian Biogas.JurnalIlmuTeknologi Kimia danIndustri, 2(4): 212-216.
Abyor, N.H dan Ariyanti, D. 2012. Potency of Solar Energy Aplications in Indonesia. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 1(2): 33-38.
Adenan, N.S., Yusoff, F. Md., and Shariff, M. 2013. Effect of Salinity and Temperature on the Growth of Diatoms and Green Algae. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 8(2): 397-404.
Ambar, D.P. 2009. Optimasi Pengembangan Media Untuk Pertumbuhan Chorella sp. pada Skala Laboratorium. Program Studi Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan. Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan. Institut Pertanian Bogor..108 hal.
Amini, S dan Susilowati, R. 2010. Produksi Biodiesel dari Mikroalga Botryococcus braunii.Squalen, 5(1):23-32.
Ansoruddin. 2014. Kajian Pemberian Dregs (Ampas Tahu) dan Pupuk Nitrogen Teprhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Kailan (Brasisca Olearaceae Var. Achephala). Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Bernas, 11(1):1-12.
Asia, N., Idris, M., Rahman, A., Kurnia, A., dan Effendy, I.J. 2018. Identifikasi Jenis dan Kepadatan Bentik Mikroalga dari Enhalus acoroides dan Gracillaria arcuata yang Dikultur pada Bak Sistem IMTA (Integrated Multi Trophic Aquaculture). Media Akuatika, 3(1): 581-589.
BBPBAP. 2015. Laporan Penelitian Tahunan Laboratorium Pakan Hidup. Jepara. Jawa Tengah.
Chalid, S.Y., Amini, S., dan Lestari, S.D. 2010. Kultivasi Chlorella sp. Pada Media Tumbuh yang Diperkaya dengan Pupuk Anorganik dan Soil Extract. UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Press. Jakarta, hal298-304.
Chien, Y. H. 1992. Water Quality Requirement and Management for Marine Shrimp
Culture. Review. Water Quality Management, pp 144-150.
Chrismadha, T. 1993. Growth and Lipid Production of Phaedodactylum tricornutum Bohlin in a Tubular-Photobioreactor. Thesis. Perth: Murdoch University, 211 p.
Daliry, S., Hallajisani, A., Mohammadi, J.R., Nouri, H., and Golzary, A. 2017. Investigation of Optimal Condition for Chlorella vulgaris Microalgae Growth. Global J. Environ. Sci. Manage, 3(2): 217-230.
Dang, N.M., Lee, K. 2018. Utilization of Organic Liquid Fertilizer in Microalgae Cultivation for Biodiesel Production. Biotechnol BioprocessingEnginering, 23: 405.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12257-018-0081-3
Djunaedi, A., Sunaryo., Adi, C.S., dan Santosa, A. 2017. Kandungan Pigmen Fikobiliprotein dan Biomassa Mikroalga Chlorella vulgaris pada media dengan Salinitas Berbeda. Jurnal Kelautan Tropis, 20(2):112-116.
FAO.1996. Manual on the Production and Use of Live Food for Aquaculture. FAO. Rome
Goa, S., Iba, W., Indrayani. 2019. Pengaruh Dosis Pupuk Organik Cair Eceng Gondok (EichhorniaCrassipes) yang Berbeda Terhadap Pertumbuhandan Kepadatan Sel Mikroalga Chlorella vulgaris. Media Akuatika, 4(2): 68-76.
Hadiyanto dan Azim, M. 2012. Mikroalga Sumber Pangan dan Energi Masa Depan.C-Biore (Center of Biomass and Renewable Energy). UPT UNDIP Press Semarang. Semarang,1-115 hal.
Hakalin, N.L.S., Paz, A.P., Aranda, D.A.G., Moraes, L.M.P. 2014. Enhancement of Cell Growth and Lipid Content of a Freshwater Microalga Scenedesmus sp. by Optimizing Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Vitamin Concentrations for Biodiesel Production. Natural Science, 6(1): 1044-1054.
Iba, W., Rice, M.A., Maranda, L., and Wikfors, G.H. 2018. Growth Characteristics of Newly Isolated Indonesian Microalgae Under Different Salinity. Indonesian Aquaculture Journal, 13(2): 71-81.
Iba, W. 2016. The Potential of Indonesia Microalgae to Support White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Aquaculture. Disertation University of Rhode Island, pp. 176.
John, M. 2016. Production of Organic Compost from Water Hyacinth (Eichhorniacrassipes [Mart.] Solms) in the Lake Victoria Basin: A Lake Victoria Research Initiative (VicRes).Research & Reviews: Journal of Agriculture and Allied Sciences, 5(2): 50-57
Kawaroe, M., T., Prartono, A., Sunuddin, D. W., Sari, D., dan Augustine. 2010. Mikroalga: Potensi dan Pemanfaatannya untuk Produksi Bio Bahan Bakar. IPB Press. Bogor.
Kawaroe, M., Prartono, T., Rachmat, A., Wulan, D.S., dan Agustine, D. 2012. Pertumbuhan Spesifik dan Kandungan Asam Lemak pada Mikroalga Spirulina plantensis, Isochrysis sp. dan Porphyridium cruentum. Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan, 17(3): 125-131.
Maesaroh, S.L. 2016. Pertumbuhan dan Kualitas Biomassa Spirulina platensis yang di Produksi Pada Media Zarouk Modifikasi. Skripsi. Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta.
Moia, R. A., Pandiangana, D., Siahaana, P., dan Tangapo, M.A. 2015. Pengujian Pupuk Organik Cair dari Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Sawi (Brassica juncea). Jurnal MIPA UNSRAT Online, 4 (1) : 15-19.
Najmuddin, F.Z. 2011. Peningkatan Produksi Biomassa Chorella vulgaris dengan Perlakuan Mikrofiltrasi pada Sirkulasi Aliran Medium Kultur Sebagai Bahan Baku. Skripsi. Fakultas Teknik. Departemen Teknik Kimia. Depok.
Nurdiana, S., Sarwono., dan Nikhlani, A. 2017. Kepadatan Sel Chorella sp. yang Dikultur dengan Periodisitas Cahaya Berbeda. Jurnal Aquawarman, 3(2):35-41.
Oktovianus, S.G. 2018. Mikroalga: Sumber Energi Terbarukan Masa Depan. Jurnal Kelautan, 11(1): 95-103.
Osoro, N., Muoma, J.O., Amoding, A., Mukaminega, D., Muthini, M., Omboro, O., Maingi, J.M. 2014. Effects of Water Hyacinth (Eichhorniacrassipes [mart.]solms) Compost on Growth and Yield Parameters of Maize (Zea mays). Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology 4(4):617-633
Pratama, I. 2011. Pengaruh Metode Pemanenan Mikroalga Terhadap Biomassa dan Kandungan Esensial Chorella vulgaris.Skripsi. Depok. Indonesia.
Prayitno, J. 2015. Pola Pertumbuhan dan Pemanenan Biomassa dalam Fotobioreaktor Mikroalga untuk Penangkapan Karbon. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan, 17(1): 45-52.
Ratri, D.M.I dan Hermana, J. 2013. Pengaruh Konsentrasi Bahan Organik, Salinitas, dan pH Terhadap Laju Pertumbuhan Alga. Seminar Nasional PascasarjanaXIII. 1-6 hal.
Ravi, O.P.K., Kumar, S., Kumari, S., Kolhe, S.S., Singh, A.K. 2019. A Brief Review on Eichhornia Extract as Liquid Fertilizers for Aquaculture Pond. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci, 8(3): 1044-1051
Ru’yatin., Suci, I.R., dan Ali, L. 2015. Pertumbuhan Tetraselmis dan Nannochloropsis pada Skala Laboratorium. Jurnal Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon, 1(2): 296-299.
Rudiyanti, S. 2011. Pertumbuhan Skeletonema costatum Pada Berbagai Tingkat Salinitas Media. Jurnal Saintek Perikanan, 6(2): 69-76.
Sanni, K. O., Adesina, J. M. 2011. Utilization of water hyacinth (EichhorniacrassipiesMart Solms) as liquid fertilizer on the growth and yield of fluted pumpkin (Telfairiaoccidentalis).South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology, 2(1): 33-37
Setyaningsih, F.P., Retnaningsih, T.S., dan Izzati, M. 2013. Pertumbuhan Chlorella Vulgaris Beijerinck dalam Medium yang Mengandung Logam Berat Cd dan Pb Skala Laboratorium. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Biologi, 104-116 hal.
Setyaningsih, F.P., Retnaningsih, T.S., dan Izzati, M. 2015. Potensi Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck Dalam Remediasi Logam Berat Cd Dan Pb Skala Laboratorium. BIOMA, 16(2): 102-113.
Sintya, M.D., Samiaji, J., dan Nurrachmi, I. 2018. Pengaruh Perbedaan Salinitas Terhadap Pertumbuhan Biomassa Kultivasi Mikroalga Spirulina platensis Pada Skala Semi Outdoor. Skripsi. Universitas Riau, Indonesia.
Sipauba-Tavares, L.H., Maria, A.D.L.S., Almeida, F.B.M., and Scardoeli, B.T. 2017. Development of Low-cost Culture Media for Ankistrodesmus gracilis based on Inorganic Fertilizer and Macrophyte. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 29(5): 159-179.
Sudhakar, K., Suresh, S., dan Premalatha, M. 2011. An Overview of CO2 Mitigation Using Algae Cultivation Technology. International Journal of Chemical Research, 3: 110-117.
Sukmawan, A. M., Antara, S. N., dan Arnata, W. I. 2012. Optimization Salinity and Initial pH On The Biomass Production of Nannochloropsis sp. K-4. Jurnal Rekayasa dan Manajemen Agroindustri. Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Udayana Bali. Indonesia.
Suminto. 2009. Penggunaan Jenis Media Kultur Teknis Terhadap Produksi dan Kandungan Nutrisi Sel Spirulina platensis.Jurnal Saintek Perikanan, 4(2): 53-61.
Syawal, Y. 2010, Pertumbuhan Tanaman Lidah Buaya dan Gulma yang diaplikasi Bokhasi Enceng Gondok dan Kiambang serta Pupuk Urea. Jurnal Agrivigor, 10(1):108-116.
Triastuti, R.J.A., Mubarak, S., dan Prabandari, L. 2011. Pengaruh Penambahan Pupuk Bintil Akar Kacang Tanah Sebagai Sumber Nitrogen dan Fosfor Terhadap Populasi Chorella sp. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, 3(2): 157-163.
Umbu, I.J. 2014. Kandungan Total Lipid Chorella vulgaris yang dikultur dalam media yang Diinjeksi Co2. Journal of Marine Research, 3(4): 578-585.
Waney, L., Konio, Y.., dan Muharam, A. 2015. Pengaruh Penambahan Ekstrak Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) Terhadap Laju Pertumbuhan Pakan Alami Chorella sp. Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Indonesia.
Widianingsih., R. Hartati., E.H. Endrawati., M. Hilal. 2011. Kajian Kadar Total Lipid dan Kepadatan Nitzschia sp. yang Dikultur dengan Salinitas Berbeda. Undip E-Journal 4030-8655-1.
Zainuddin, M., Hamid, N., Mudiarti, L., Kursistyanto, N., dan Aryono, B. 2017. Pengaruh Media Hiposalin dan Hipersalin Terhadap Respon Pertumbuhan dan BiopigmenDunaliella salina. Jurnal Enggano, 2(1): 46-57.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a 